![]() As indicated in Figure 4.15 "A Plot of pH versus [H", biological fluids, such as blood, have a pH of 7–8. The biological effects of acid rain are more complex. Because CaSO 4 is somewhat soluble in water, significant damage to the structure can result. At the high temperatures found in both internal combustion engines and lightning discharges, molecular nitrogen and molecular oxygen react to give nitric oxide:įigure 4.18 Acid Rain Damage to a Statue of George Washingtonīoth marble and limestone consist of CaCO 3, which reacts with acid rain in an acid–base reaction to produce CaSO 4. What is the source of the increased acidity in rain and snow? Chemical analysis shows the presence of large quantities of sulfate (SO 4 2−) and nitrate (NO 3 −) ions, and a wide variety of evidence indicates that a significant fraction of these species come from nitrogen and sulfur oxides produced during the combustion of fossil fuels. Recall from Figure 4.15 "A Plot of pH versus [H" that rain with a pH of 2 is comparable in acidity to lemon juice, and even “normal” rain is now as acidic as tomato juice or black coffee. Typical pH values for rain in the continental United States now range from 4 to 4.5, with values as low as 2.0 reported for areas such as Los Angeles. At that time, there was no good way to measure hydrogen ion concentrations, so it is difficult to know the actual pH of the rain observed by Smith. The English chemist Robert Angus Smith is generally credited with coining the phrase acid rain in 1872 to describe the increased acidity of the rain in British industrial centers (such as Manchester), which was apparently caused by the unbridled excesses of the early Industrial Revolution, although the connection was not yet understood. zip file containing this book to use offline, simply click here.Įquation 4.44 CO 2(g) + H 2O(l) ⇌ H 2CO 3(aq) ⇌ H +(aq) + HCO 3 −(aq) You can browse or download additional books there. ![]() More information is available on this project's attribution page.įor more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page. Additionally, per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. This content was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author (but see below), don't make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. All the copyright belongs to the original artist (Chance The Rapper).This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 license. All music uploaded to this channel has been purchased or downloaded legally. * This is not the official Chance The Rapper, we are just PROMOTING CHANCE’S MUSIC. by Cam for J.U.S.T.I.C.E League & Peter Cottontĥ. BJ The Chicago Kid, Lili K., Kiara Lanier, Peter Cottontale, Will for the O’mysĢ.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |